Traditions

• Western90 philosophers · 17 schools · 5 periodsPhilosophy in the line that begins with the ancient Greeks and continues through Roman, medieval Latin, and modern European and Anglophone thought.

  

  

  

  Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and 87 more
• Jewish6 philosophers · 2 periodsPhilosophy by Jewish thinkers who read scripture and rabbinic tradition alongside Greek philosophy, first in Arabic in the Islamic world and later in Hebrew in Christian Europe.

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  Saadia Gaon, Solomon ibn Gabirol, Maimonides and 3 more
• Arabic and Islamic12 philosophers · 1 school · 2 periodsPhilosophy written mainly in Arabic and Persian in the Islamic world, which absorbed and transformed Greek philosophy alongside Islamic theology.

  

  

  

  Avicenna, al-Ghazali, Averroes and 9 more
• Indian14 philosophers · 4 schoolsThe philosophical schools of the Indian subcontinent, including Hindu, Buddhist and Jain traditions of thought.

  

  

  

  The Buddha, Nāgārjuna, Śaṅkara and 11 more
• Chinese16 philosophers · 6 schools · 2 periodsConfucian, Daoist, Mohist and Legalist thought from the classical era, and the Buddhist and Neo-Confucian philosophy that followed.

  

  

  

  Laozi, Confucius, Mencius and 13 more
• Japanese6 philosophers · 1 school · 4 periodsBuddhist, Confucian and Shintō thought in Japan, from the esoteric Buddhism of Kūkai to the modern Kyoto School's dialogue with Western philosophy.

  

  

  

  Kūkai, Hōnen, Nishida Kitarō and 3 more